Capítulo 4.4: Audio (.ogg, .wss)

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Introducción

Sound design is one of the most immersive aspects of DayZ modding. From the crack of a rifle to the ambient wind in a forest, audio brings the game world to life. DayZ uses OGG Vorbis as its primary audio format and configures sound playback through a layered system of CfgSoundShaders and CfgSoundSets defined in config.cpp. Understanding this pipeline -- from raw audio file to spatialized in-game sound -- is essential for any mod that introduces custom weapons, vehicles, ambient effects, or UI feedback.

This chapter covers audio formats, the config-driven sound system, 3D positional audio, volume and distance attenuation, looping, and the complete workflow for adding custom sounds to a DayZ mod.

Audio Formats

OGG Vorbis (Primary Format)

OGG Vorbis is DayZ's primary audio format. All custom sounds should be exported as .ogg files.

Propiedad	Valor
Extension	`.ogg`
Codec	Vorbis (lossy compression)
Sample rates	44100 Hz (standard), 22050 Hz (acceptable for ambient)
Bit depth	Managed by encoder (quality setting)
Channels	Mono (for 3D sounds) or Stereo (for music/UI)
Quality range	-1 to 10 (5-7 recommended for game audio)

Key Rules for OGG in DayZ

3D positional sounds MUST be mono. If you provide a stereo file for a 3D sound, the engine may not spatialize it correctly or may ignore one channel.
UI and music sounds can be stereo. Non-positional sounds (menus, HUD feedback, background music) work correctly in stereo.
Sample rate should be 44100 Hz for most sounds. Lower rates (22050 Hz) can be used for distant ambient sounds to save space.

WSS (Legacy Format)

WSS is a legacy sound format from older Bohemia titles (Arma series). DayZ can still load WSS files, but new mods should use OGG exclusively.

Propiedad	Valor
Extension	`.wss`
Status	Legacy, not recommended for new mods
Conversion	WSS files can be converted to OGG with Audacity or similar tools

You will encounter WSS files when examining vanilla DayZ data or porting content from older Bohemia games.

CfgSoundShaders and CfgSoundSets

DayZ's audio system uses a two-layer configuration approach defined in config.cpp. A SoundShader defines what audio file to play and how, while a SoundSet defines where and how the sound is heard in the world.

The Relationship

config.cpp
  |
  |--> CfgSoundShaders     (WHAT to play: file, volume, frequency)
  |      |
  |      |--> MyShader      references --> sound\my_sound.ogg
  |
  |--> CfgSoundSets         (HOW to play: 3D position, distance, spatial)
         |
         |--> MySoundSet    references --> MyShader

Game code and other configs reference SoundSets, never SoundShaders directly. SoundSets are the public interface; SoundShaders are the implementation detail.

CfgSoundShaders

A SoundShader defines the raw audio content and basic playback parameters:

cpp

class CfgSoundShaders
{
    class MyMod_GunShot_SoundShader
    {
        // Array of audio files -- engine picks one randomly
        samples[] =
        {
            {"MyMod\sound\gunshot_01", 1},    // {path (no extension), probability weight}
            {"MyMod\sound\gunshot_02", 1},
            {"MyMod\sound\gunshot_03", 1}
        };
        volume = 1.0;                          // Base volume (0.0 - 1.0)
        range = 300;                           // Maximum audible distance (meters)
        rangeCurve[] = {{0, 1.0}, {300, 0.0}}; // Volume falloff curve
    };
};

SoundShader Properties

Propiedad	Tipo	Descripción
`samples[]`	array	List of `{path, weight}` pairs. Path excludes the file extension.
`volume`	float	Base volume multiplier (0.0 to 1.0).
`range`	float	Maximum audible distance in meters.
`rangeCurve[]`	array	Array of `{distance, volume}` points defining attenuation over distance.
`frequency`	float	Playback speed multiplier. 1.0 = normal, 0.5 = half speed (lower pitch), 2.0 = double speed (higher pitch).

Importante: The samples[] path does NOT include the file extension. The engine appends .ogg (or .wss) automatically based on what it finds on disk.

CfgSoundSets

A SoundSet wraps one or more SoundShaders and defines the spatial and behavioral properties:

cpp

class CfgSoundSets
{
    class MyMod_GunShot_SoundSet
    {
        soundShaders[] = {"MyMod_GunShot_SoundShader"};
        volumeFactor = 1.0;          // Volume scaling (applied on top of shader volume)
        frequencyFactor = 1.0;       // Frequency scaling
        volumeCurve = "InverseSquare"; // Predefined attenuation curve name
        spatial = 1;                  // 1 = 3D positional, 0 = 2D (HUD/menu)
        doppler = 0;                  // 1 = enable Doppler effect
        loop = 0;                     // 1 = loop continuously
    };
};

SoundSet Properties

Propiedad	Tipo	Descripción
`soundShaders[]`	array	List of SoundShader class names to combine.
`volumeFactor`	float	Additional volume multiplier applied on top of shader volume.
`frequencyFactor`	float	Additional frequency/pitch multiplier.
`frequencyRandomizer`	float	Random pitch variation (0.0 = none, 0.1 = +/- 10%).
`volumeCurve`	string	Named attenuation curve: `"InverseSquare"`, `"Linear"`, `"Logarithmic"`.
`spatial`	int	`1` for 3D positional audio, `0` for 2D (UI, music).
`doppler`	int	`1` to enable Doppler pitch shift for moving sources.
`loop`	int	`1` for continuous looping, `0` for one-shot.
`distanceFilter`	int	`1` to apply low-pass filter at distance (muffled far-away sounds).
`occlusionFactor`	float	How much walls/terrain muffle the sound (0.0 to 1.0).
`obstructionFactor`	float	How much obstacles between source and listener affect the sound.

Sound Categories

DayZ organizes sounds into categories that affect how they interact with the game's audio mixing system.

Weapon Sounds

Weapon sounds are the most complex audio in DayZ, typically involving multiple SoundSets for different aspects of a single gunshot:

Shot fired
  |--> Close shot SoundSet       (the "bang" heard nearby)
  |--> Distance shot SoundSet    (the rumble/echo heard far away)
  |--> Tail SoundSet             (reverb/echo that follows)
  |--> Supersonic crack SoundSet (bullet passing overhead)
  |--> Mechanical SoundSet       (bolt cycling, magazine insertion)

Example weapon sound config:

cpp

class CfgSoundShaders
{
    class MyMod_Rifle_Shot_SoundShader
    {
        samples[] =
        {
            {"MyMod\sound\weapons\rifle_shot_01", 1},
            {"MyMod\sound\weapons\rifle_shot_02", 1},
            {"MyMod\sound\weapons\rifle_shot_03", 1}
        };
        volume = 1.0;
        range = 200;
        rangeCurve[] = {{0, 1.0}, {50, 0.8}, {100, 0.4}, {200, 0.0}};
    };

    class MyMod_Rifle_Tail_SoundShader
    {
        samples[] =
        {
            {"MyMod\sound\weapons\rifle_tail_01", 1},
            {"MyMod\sound\weapons\rifle_tail_02", 1}
        };
        volume = 0.8;
        range = 800;
        rangeCurve[] = {{0, 0.6}, {200, 0.4}, {500, 0.2}, {800, 0.0}};
    };
};

class CfgSoundSets
{
    class MyMod_Rifle_Shot_SoundSet
    {
        soundShaders[] = {"MyMod_Rifle_Shot_SoundShader"};
        volumeFactor = 1.0;
        spatial = 1;
        doppler = 0;
        loop = 0;
    };

    class MyMod_Rifle_Tail_SoundSet
    {
        soundShaders[] = {"MyMod_Rifle_Tail_SoundShader"};
        volumeFactor = 1.0;
        spatial = 1;
        doppler = 0;
        loop = 0;
        distanceFilter = 1;
    };
};

Ambient Sounds

Environmental audio for atmosphere:

cpp

class MyMod_Wind_SoundShader
{
    samples[] = {{"MyMod\sound\ambient\wind_loop", 1}};
    volume = 0.5;
    range = 50;
};

class MyMod_Wind_SoundSet
{
    soundShaders[] = {"MyMod_Wind_SoundShader"};
    volumeFactor = 0.6;
    spatial = 0;           // Non-positional (ambient surround)
    loop = 1;              // Continuous loop
};

UI Sounds

Interface feedback sounds (button clicks, notifications):

cpp

class MyMod_ButtonClick_SoundShader
{
    samples[] = {{"MyMod\sound\ui\click_01", 1}};
    volume = 0.7;
    range = 0;             // No spatial range needed
};

class MyMod_ButtonClick_SoundSet
{
    soundShaders[] = {"MyMod_ButtonClick_SoundShader"};
    volumeFactor = 0.8;
    spatial = 0;           // 2D -- plays in the listener's head
    loop = 0;
};

Vehicle Sounds

Vehicles use complex sound configurations with multiple components:

Engine idle -- looping, pitch varies with RPM
Engine acceleration -- looping, volume and pitch scale with throttle
Tire noise -- looping, volume scales with speed
Horn -- triggered, looping while held
Crash -- one-shot on collision

Character Sounds

Player-related sounds include:

Footsteps -- varies by surface material (concrete, grass, wood, metal)
Breathing -- stamina-dependent
Voice -- emotes and commands
Inventory -- item manipulation sounds

3D Positional Audio

DayZ uses 3D spatial audio to position sounds in the game world. When a gun fires 200 meters to your left, you hear it from your left speaker/headphone with appropriate volume reduction.

Requirements for 3D Audio

Audio file must be mono. Stereo files will not spatialize correctly.
SoundSet spatial must be 1. This enables the 3D positioning system.
Sound source must have a world position. The engine needs coordinates to calculate direction and distance.

How the Engine Spatializes Sound

Sound Source (world position)
  |
  |--> Calculate distance to listener
  |--> Calculate direction relative to listener facing
  |--> Apply distance attenuation (rangeCurve)
  |--> Apply occlusion (walls, terrain)
  |--> Apply Doppler effect (if enabled and source is moving)
  |--> Output to correct speaker channels

Triggering 3D Sounds from Script

// Play a positional sound at a world location
void PlaySoundAtPosition(vector position)
{
    EffectSound sound;
    SEffectManager.PlaySound("MyMod_Rifle_Shot_SoundSet", position);
}

// Play a sound attached to an object (moves with it)
void PlaySoundOnObject(Object obj)
{
    EffectSound sound;
    SEffectManager.PlaySoundOnObject("MyMod_Engine_SoundSet", obj);
}

Volume and Distance Attenuation

Range Curve

The rangeCurve[] in a SoundShader defines how volume decreases with distance. It is an array of {distance, volume} pairs:

cpp

rangeCurve[] =
{
    {0, 1.0},       // At 0m: full volume
    {50, 0.7},      // At 50m: 70% volume
    {150, 0.3},     // At 150m: 30% volume
    {300, 0.0}      // At 300m: silent
};

The engine interpolates linearly between defined points. You can create any falloff curve by adding more control points.

Predefined Volume Curves

SoundSets can reference named curves via the volumeCurve property:

Curve Name	Behavior
`"InverseSquare"`	Realistic falloff (volume = 1/distance^2). Natural-sounding.
`"Linear"`	Even falloff from max to zero over the range.
`"Logarithmic"`	Loud up close, drops quickly at medium distance, then tapers slowly.

Practical Attenuation Examples

Gunshot (loud, carries far):

cpp

range = 800;
rangeCurve[] = {{0, 1.0}, {100, 0.6}, {300, 0.3}, {600, 0.1}, {800, 0.0}};

Footstep (quiet, close range):

cpp

range = 30;
rangeCurve[] = {{0, 1.0}, {10, 0.5}, {20, 0.15}, {30, 0.0}};

Vehicle engine (medium range, sustained):

cpp

range = 200;
rangeCurve[] = {{0, 1.0}, {50, 0.7}, {100, 0.4}, {200, 0.0}};

Looping Sounds

Looping sounds repeat continuously until explicitly stopped. They are used for engines, ambient atmosphere, alarms, and any sustained audio.

Configuring a Looping Sound

In the SoundSet:

cpp

class MyMod_Alarm_SoundSet
{
    soundShaders[] = {"MyMod_Alarm_SoundShader"};
    spatial = 1;
    loop = 1;              // Enable looping
};

Looping from Script

// Start a looping sound
EffectSound m_AlarmSound;

void StartAlarm(vector position)
{
    if (!m_AlarmSound)
    {
        m_AlarmSound = SEffectManager.PlaySound("MyMod_Alarm_SoundSet", position);
    }
}

// Stop the looping sound
void StopAlarm()
{
    if (m_AlarmSound)
    {
        m_AlarmSound.Stop();
        m_AlarmSound = null;
    }
}

Audio File Preparation for Loops

For seamless looping, the audio file itself must loop cleanly:

Zero-crossing at start and end. The waveform should cross zero amplitude at both endpoints to avoid a click/pop at the loop point.
Matched start and end. The end of the file should blend seamlessly into the beginning.
No fade in/out. Fades would be audible on each loop iteration.
Test the loop in Audacity. Select the entire clip, enable loop playback, and listen for clicks or discontinuities.

Adding Custom Sounds to a Mod

Complete Workflow

Step 1: Prepare audio files

Record or source your audio.
Edit in Audacity (or your preferred audio editor).
For 3D sounds: convert to mono.
Export as OGG Vorbis (quality 5-7).
Name files descriptively: rifle_shot_01.ogg, rifle_shot_02.ogg.

Step 2: Organize in mod directory

MyMod/
  sound/
    weapons/
      rifle_shot_01.ogg
      rifle_shot_02.ogg
      rifle_shot_03.ogg
      rifle_tail_01.ogg
      rifle_tail_02.ogg
    ambient/
      wind_loop.ogg
    ui/
      click_01.ogg
      notification_01.ogg
  config.cpp

Step 3: Define SoundShaders in config.cpp

cpp

class CfgPatches
{
    class MyMod_Sounds
    {
        units[] = {};
        weapons[] = {};
        requiredVersion = 0.1;
        requiredAddons[] = {"DZ_Sounds_Effects"};
    };
};

class CfgSoundShaders
{
    class MyMod_RifleShot_SoundShader
    {
        samples[] =
        {
            {"MyMod\sound\weapons\rifle_shot_01", 1},
            {"MyMod\sound\weapons\rifle_shot_02", 1},
            {"MyMod\sound\weapons\rifle_shot_03", 1}
        };
        volume = 1.0;
        range = 300;
        rangeCurve[] = {{0, 1.0}, {100, 0.6}, {200, 0.2}, {300, 0.0}};
    };
};

class CfgSoundSets
{
    class MyMod_RifleShot_SoundSet
    {
        soundShaders[] = {"MyMod_RifleShot_SoundShader"};
        volumeFactor = 1.0;
        spatial = 1;
        doppler = 0;
        loop = 0;
        distanceFilter = 1;
    };
};

Step 4: Reference from weapon/item config

For weapons, the SoundSet is referenced in the weapon's config class:

cpp

class CfgWeapons
{
    class MyMod_Rifle: Rifle_Base
    {
        // ... other config ...

        class Sounds
        {
            class Fire
            {
                soundSet = "MyMod_RifleShot_SoundSet";
            };
        };
    };
};

Step 5: Build and test

Pack the PBO (use -packonly since OGG files do not need binarization).
Launch the game with the mod loaded.
Test the sound in-game at various distances.

Audio Production Tools

Audacity (Free, Open Source)

Audacity is the recommended tool for DayZ audio production:

Download: audacityteam.org
OGG export: File --> Export --> Export as OGG
Mono conversion: Tracks --> Mix --> Mix Stereo Down to Mono
Normalization: Effect --> Normalize (set peak to -1 dB to prevent clipping)
Noise removal: Effect --> Noise Reduction
Loop testing: Transport --> Loop Play (Shift+Space)

OGG Export Settings in Audacity

File --> Export --> Export as OGG Vorbis
Quality: 5-7 (5 for ambient/UI, 7 for weapon/important sounds)
Channels: Mono for 3D sounds, Stereo for UI/music

Other Useful Tools

Herramienta	Propósito	Cost
Audacity	General audio editing, format conversion	Free
Reaper	Professional DAW, advanced editing	$60 (personal license)
FFmpeg	Command-line batch audio conversion	Free
Ocenaudio	Simple editor with real-time preview	Free

Batch Conversion with FFmpeg

Convert all WAV files in a directory to mono OGG:

bash

for file in *.wav; do
    ffmpeg -i "$file" -ac 1 -codec:a libvorbis -qscale:a 6 "${file%.wav}.ogg"
done

Errores Comunes

1. Stereo File for 3D Sound

Symptom: Sound does not spatialize, plays centered or only in one ear. Fix: Convert to mono before exporting. 3D positional sounds require mono audio files.

2. File Extension in samples[] Path

Symptom: Sound does not play, no error in log (engine silently fails to find the file). Fix: Remove the .ogg extension from the path in samples[]. The engine adds it automatically.

cpp

// WRONG
samples[] = {{"MyMod\sound\gunshot_01.ogg", 1}};

// CORRECT
samples[] = {{"MyMod\sound\gunshot_01", 1}};

3. Missing CfgPatches requiredAddons

Symptom: SoundShaders or SoundSets not recognized, sounds do not play. Fix: Add "DZ_Sounds_Effects" to your CfgPatches requiredAddons[] to ensure the base sound system loads before your definitions.

4. Range Too Short

Symptom: Sound cuts off abruptly at a short distance, feels unnatural. Fix: Set range to a realistic value. Gunshots should carry 300-800m, footsteps 20-40m, voices 50-100m.

5. No Random Variation

Symptom: Sound feels repetitive and artificial after hearing it multiple times. Fix: Provide multiple samples in the SoundShader and add frequencyRandomizer to the SoundSet for pitch variation.

cpp

// Multiple samples for variety
samples[] =
{
    {"MyMod\sound\step_01", 1},
    {"MyMod\sound\step_02", 1},
    {"MyMod\sound\step_03", 1},
    {"MyMod\sound\step_04", 1}
};

// Plus pitch randomization in the SoundSet
frequencyRandomizer = 0.05;    // +/- 5% pitch variation

6. Clipping / Distortion

Symptom: Sound crackles or distorts, especially at close range. Fix: Normalize your audio to -1 dB or -3 dB peak in Audacity before exporting. Never set volume or volumeFactor above 1.0 unless the source audio is very quiet.

Mejores Prácticas

Always export 3D sounds as mono OGG. This is the single most important rule. Stereo files will not spatialize.
Provide 3-5 sample variants for frequently heard sounds (gunshots, footsteps, impacts). Random selection prevents the "machine gun effect" of identical repeated audio.
Use frequencyRandomizer between 0.03 and 0.08 for natural pitch variation. Even subtle variation significantly improves perceived audio quality.
Set realistic range values. Study vanilla DayZ sounds for reference. A rifle shot at 600-800m range, a suppressed shot at 150-200m, footsteps at 20-40m.
Layer your sounds. Complex audio events (gunshots) should use multiple SoundSets: close shot + distant rumble + tail/echo. This creates depth that a single sound file cannot achieve.
Test at multiple distances. Walk away from the sound source in-game and verify the attenuation curve feels natural. Adjust rangeCurve[] control points iteratively.
Organize your sound directory. Use subdirectories by category (weapons/, ambient/, ui/, vehicles/). A flat directory with 200 OGG files is unmanageable.
Keep file sizes reasonable. Game audio does not need studio quality. OGG quality 5-7 is sufficient. Most individual sound files should be under 500 KB.

Observado en Mods Reales

Patrón	Mod	Detalle
Custom notification sounds via SoundSets	Expansion (Notification module)	Defines multiple `CfgSoundSets` for different notification types (success, warning, error) with `spatial = 0`
UI click sounds with cached playback	VPP Admin Tools	Uses `SEffectManager.PlaySoundCachedParams()` for button clicks to avoid re-parsing config each time
Multi-layer weapon audio (shot + tail + crack)	Community weapon packs (RFCP, MuchStuffPack)	Each weapon defines 3-5 separate SoundSets per fire event for close shot, distant rumble, supersonic crack
`frequencyRandomizer` for footstep variation	Vanilla DayZ	Uses 0.05-0.08 pitch randomization on footstep SoundSets to prevent robotic repetition

Compatibilidad e Impacto

Multi-Mod: SoundShader and SoundSet class names are global. Two mods defining the same class name will conflict (last loaded wins). Always prefix names with your mod identifier (e.g., MyMod_Shot_SoundShader).
Performance: OGG files are decompressed at runtime. Mods with hundreds of unique audio files increase memory usage. Keep individual files under 500 KB and reuse samples across variants.
Version: DayZ's audio system (CfgSoundShaders/CfgSoundSets) has been stable since 1.0. The sound3DProcessingType and volumeCurve named presets were added in later updates but are backward-compatible.

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4.3 Materials	Part 4: File Formats & DayZ Tools	4.5 DayZ Tools Workflow

Capítulo 4.4: Audio (.ogg, .wss) ​

Introducción ​

Tabla de Contenidos ​

Audio Formats ​

OGG Vorbis (Primary Format) ​

Key Rules for OGG in DayZ ​

WSS (Legacy Format) ​

CfgSoundShaders and CfgSoundSets ​

The Relationship ​

CfgSoundShaders ​

SoundShader Properties ​

CfgSoundSets ​

SoundSet Properties ​

Sound Categories ​

Weapon Sounds ​

Ambient Sounds ​

UI Sounds ​

Vehicle Sounds ​

Character Sounds ​

3D Positional Audio ​

Requirements for 3D Audio ​

How the Engine Spatializes Sound ​

Triggering 3D Sounds from Script ​

Volume and Distance Attenuation ​

Range Curve ​

Predefined Volume Curves ​

Practical Attenuation Examples ​

Looping Sounds ​

Configuring a Looping Sound ​

Looping from Script ​

Audio File Preparation for Loops ​

Adding Custom Sounds to a Mod ​

Complete Workflow ​

Audio Production Tools ​

Audacity (Free, Open Source) ​

OGG Export Settings in Audacity ​

Other Useful Tools ​

Batch Conversion with FFmpeg ​

Errores Comunes ​

1. Stereo File for 3D Sound ​

2. File Extension in samples[] Path ​

3. Missing CfgPatches requiredAddons ​

4. Range Too Short ​

5. No Random Variation ​

6. Clipping / Distortion ​

Mejores Prácticas ​

Observado en Mods Reales ​

Compatibilidad e Impacto ​

Navigation ​